Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Power in Animal Farm
Animal Farm One of America’s most famous presidents, Abraham Lincoln, once said, â€Å"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power. †This statement stands through all of history as countless world leaders have abused their power constantly. This also shows in the novel by George Orwell, Animal Farm. The pigs in power, and especially Napoleon, tend to constantly abuse their power and be corrupted by it. Three ways power affects the novel are the corruption of power with Napoleon, the pigs taking advantage of their power, and the eventual outcome of the book.As soon as Napoleon had some power he began to scheme to fully take it. â€Å"Nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. †Napoleon had raised dogs since they were little and readied them so he can one day take over the farm. Napoleon then used these dogs to ensure his power multiple times, especially when an uprising was boun d to happen. Napoleon became corrupted with power and used it to do his biddings. It is also seen that the dogs wagged their tail in a similar manner as they used to for Jones.Along with Napoleon, all the other pigs, who were regarded as the most intelligent of animals, soon began to corrupt their power too. â€Å"The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. †The pigs seemed to have the greatest amount of food and all sorts of luxuries. The pigs would even break the Seven Commandments when they wanted to and used Squealer, Napoleon’s right hand man(pig), to explain to the animals what has happened and take advantage of them. The pigs began to sleep in beds and become more and more humanlike as well.The final outcome of the book is also influenced by the pigs corruption of power. â€Å"Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No questio n, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. †The pigs began to abuse their power so much they started becoming almost completely humans. They drank alcohol, slept in beds, and walked on their hind feet. With this final transformation into humans, the fate of Animal Farm has been destined for destruction.The pigs will continue fighting for power and then once a rebellion occurs the next animals shall too. Power is certainly a force to be reckoned with. Once obtained the individual or party grows to become more attached to this power and eventually corrupted with it. â€Å"Power Corrupts. Absolute Power corrupts absolutely. †(Lord Acton. ) The animals on Animal Farm felt the effect of corruption in power when the pigs started to constantly abuse it. It is truly hard to find a good leader when power does these horrid effects to most people in control. â€Å"Power Corrupts. Absolute Power corrupts absolutely. â€
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Childrens Day in Japan and Koinobori Song
Children's Day in Japan and Koinobori Song May 5 is Japans national holiday known as, Kodomo no hi Ã¥ ä ¾â€ºÃ£ ®Ã¦â€" ¥ (Childrens day). It is a day to celebrate the health and happiness of children. Until 1948, it was called, Tango no Sekku (ç « ¯Ã¥ ˆã ®Ã§ ¯â‚¬Ã¥ ¥), and only honored boys. Although this holiday became known as, Childrens Day, many Japanese still consider it a Boys Festival. On the other hand, Hinamatsuri (㠲㠪ç ¥ ã‚Š), which falls on March 3rd, is a day to celebrate girls. Childrens Day Families with boys fly, Koinobori é ¯â€°Ã£ ®Ã£ ¼Ã£â€šÅ (carp-shaped streamers), to express the hope that they will grow up healthy and strong. The carp is a symbol of strength, courage, and success. In a Chinese legend, a carp swam upstream to become a dragon. The Japanese proverb, Koi no takinobori (é ¯â€°Ã£ ®Ã¦ » ç™ »Ã£â€šÅ , Kois waterfall climbing), means, to succeed vigorously in life. Warrior dolls and warrior helmets called, Gogatsu-ningyou, are also displayed in a boys house. Kashiwamochi is one of the traditional foods that are eaten on this day. It is a steamed rice cake with sweet beans inside and is wrapped in an oak leaf. Another traditional food is, chimaki, which is a dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves. On Childrens Day, there is a custom to take a shoubu-yu (a bath with floating shoubu leaves). Shoubu (è â€"è’ ²) is a type of iris. It has long leaves that resemble swords. Why the bath with shoubu? It is because shoubu is believed to promote good health and to ward off evil. It is also hung under the eaves of homes to drive away evil spirits. Shoubu (Ã¥ °Å¡Ã¦ ¦) also means, materialism, warlike spirit, when using different kanji characters. Koinobori Song There is a childrens song called, Koinobori, that is often sung during this time of the year. Here are the lyrics in romaji and Japanese. Yane yori takai koinoboriOokii magoi wa otousanChiisai higoi wa kodomotachiOmoshirosouni oyoideru Ã¥ ±â€¹Ã¦ ¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ é «ËœÃ£ „ é ¯â€°Ã£ ®Ã£ ¼Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£ ã „çÅ"Ÿé ¯â€°Ã£ ¯ ã Šçˆ ¶Ã£ •ã‚“å ° ã •ã „ç ·â€¹Ã© ¯â€°Ã£ ¯ Ã¥ ä ¾â€ºÃ© â€Ã© ¢Ã§â„¢ ½Ã£ 㠆㠫 æ ³ ³Ã£ „㠧ã‚‹ Vocabulary yane Ã¥ ±â€¹Ã¦ ¹ - rooftakai é «ËœÃ£ „ - highookii Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£ ã „ - bigotousan ã Šçˆ ¶Ã£ •ã‚“ - fatherchiisai Ã¥ ° ã •ã „ - smallkodomotachi Ã¥ ä ¾â€ºÃ£ Ÿã ¡ - childrenomoshiroi é ¢Ã§â„¢ ½Ã£ „ - enjoyableoyogu æ ³ ³Ã£ - to swim Takai, ookii, chiisai and omoshiroi are I-adjectives. There is an important lesson to learn regarding terms used for Japanese family members. Different terms are used for family members depending on whether the person referred to is part of the speakers own family or not. Also, there are terms for directly addressing members of the speakers family. For example, lets look at the word father. When referring to someones father, otousan is used. When referring your own father, chichi is used. However, when addressing your father, otousan or papa is used. Anata no otousan wa se ga takai desu ne. 㠂㠪㠟㠮ã Šçˆ ¶Ã£ •ã‚“㠯èÆ'Å'ã Å'é «ËœÃ£ „㠧ã ™ã 。- Your father is tall, isnt he?Watashi no chichi wa takushii no untenshu desu. ç § 㠮çˆ ¶Ã£ ¯Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¯Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£ ®Ã© ‹è » ¢Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã€‚- My father is a taxi driver.Otousan, hayaku kite! ã Šçˆ ¶Ã£ •ã‚“〠æâ€" ©Ã£ æ ¥Ã£ ¦- Dad, come quickly! Grammar Yori よりis a particle and is used when comparing things. It translates into than. Kanada wa nihon yori samui desu. ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۋ ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¯â€™Ã£ „㠧㠙。- Canada is colder than Japan.Amerika wa nihon yori ookii desu. ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã£ ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£ 㠄㠧㠙。- America is larger than Japan.Kanji wa hiragaba yori muzukashii desu. æ ¼ ¢Ã¥ â€"㠯㠲らã Å'ã ªÃ£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ é› £Ã£ â€"㠄㠧㠙。 - Kanji is more difficult than hiragana. In the song, Koinobori is the topic of the sentence (the order is changed because of the rhyme), therefore, koinobori wa yane yori takai desu é ¯â€°Ã£ ®Ã£ ¼Ã£â€šÅ 㠯å ±â€¹Ã¦ ¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ é «ËœÃ£ „㠧ã â„¢ is a common order for this sentence. It means the koinobori is higher than the roof. The suffix ~tachi is added to make the plural form of personal pronouns. For example: watashi-tachi, anata-tachi or boku-tachi. It can also be added to some other nouns, such as kodomo-tachi (children). ~sou ni is an adverb form of ~ sou da. ~ sou da means, it appears. Kare wa totemo genki sou desu. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£ ¯Ã£ ¨Ã£ ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"ã 㠆㠧㠙。- He looks very healthy.Sore wa oishisouna ringo da. ã ã‚Å'㠯ã Šã „ã â€"ã 㠆㠪ã‚Šんã â€Ã£ 。- That is a delicious looking apple.Kanojo wa totemo shindosouni sokoni tatteita. Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ ¯Ã£ ¨Ã£ ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€"ん㠩ã 㠆㠫ã 㠓㠫ç «â€¹Ã£ £Ã£ ¦Ã£ „㠟。- She was standing there looking very tired.
Monday, October 21, 2019
How to Extract Caffeine From Tea
How to Extract Caffeine From Tea Plants and other natural materials are sources of many chemicals. Sometimes you want to isolate a single compound from the thousands that may be present. Here is an example of how to use solvent extraction to isolate and purify caffeine from tea. The same principle may be used to extract other chemicals from natural sources. Caffeine From Tea: Materials List 2 tea bagsDichloromethane0.2 M NaOH (sodium hydroxide)Celite (diatomaceous earth - silicon dioxide)HexaneDiethyl ether2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) Procedure Extraction of Caffeine: Open the tea bags and weigh the contents. This will help you determine how well your procedure worked.Place the tea leaves in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask.Add 20 ml dichloromethane and 10 ml 0.2 M NaOH.Extraction: Seal the flask and gently swirl it for 5-10 minutes to allow the solvent mixture to penetrate the leaves. Caffeine dissolves in the solvent, while most of the other compounds in the leaves do not. Also, caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than it is in water.Filtration: Use a Buchner funnel, filter paper, and Celite to use vacuum filtration to separate the tea leaves from the solution. To do this, dampen the filter paper with dichloromethane, add a Celite pad (about 3 grams Celite). Turn on the vacuum and slowly pour the solution over the Celite. Rinse the Celite with 15 ml dichloromethane. At this point, you may discard the tea leaves. Retain the liquid you have collected it contains the caffeine.In a fume hood, gently heat a 100-ml beaker containing the washings to evaporate the solvent. Purification of Caffeine: The solid that remains after the solvent has evaporated contains caffeine and several other compounds. You need to separate the caffeine from these compounds. One method is to use the different solubility of caffeine versus other compounds to purify it. Allow the beaker to cool. Wash the crude caffeine with 1 ml portions of a 1:1 mixture of hexane and diethyl ether.Carefully use a pipette to remove the liquid. Retain the solid caffeine.Dissolve the impure caffeine in 2 ml dichloromethane. Filter the liquid through a thin layer of cotton into a small test tube. Rinse the beaker twice with 0.5 ml portions of dichloromethane and filter the liquid through the cotton to minimize the loss of caffeine.in a fume hood, heat the test tube in a warm water bath (50-60 Â °C) to evaporate the solvent.Leave the test tube in the warm water bath. Add 2-propanol a drop at a time until the solid dissolves. Use the minimum amount required. This should be no more than 2 milliliters.Now you can remove the test tube from the water bath and allow it to cool to room temperature.Add 1 ml of hexane to the test tube. This will cause the caffeine to crystallize out of solution.Carefully remove the liquid using a pipette, leaving the purified caffeine.Wash the caffeine with 1 ml of a 1:1 mix of hexane and diethyl ether. Use a pipette to remove the liquid. Allow the solid to dry before weighing it to determine your yield. With any purification, its a good idea to check the melting point of the sample. This will give you an idea of how pure it is. The melting point of caffeine is 234 Â °C. Additional Methods Another way to extract caffeine from tea is to brew tea in hot water, allow it to cool to room temperature or below, and add dichloromethane to the tea. The caffeine preferentially dissolves in dichloromethane, so if you swirl the solution and allow the solvent layers to separate. you will get caffeine in the heavier dichloromethane layer. The top layer is decaffeinated tea. If you remove the dichloromethane layer and evaporate the solvent, you will get slightly impure greenish-yellow crystalline caffeine. Safety Information There are hazards associated with these and any chemicals used in a lab procedure. Be sure to read the MSDS for each chemical and wear safety goggles, a lab coat, gloves, and other appropriate lab attire. In general, be aware the solvents are flammable and should be kept away from open flames. A fume hood is used because the chemicals may be irritating or toxic. Avoid contact with sodium hydroxide solution, as it is caustic and can cause a chemical burn on contact. Although you encounter caffeine in coffee, tea, and other foods, it is toxic in relatively low doses. Dont taste your product!
Sunday, October 20, 2019
The UltimateSAT Chemistry Subject TestStudy Guide
The UltimateSAT Chemistry Subject TestStudy Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This article presents a complete SAT Chemistry study guide. I'll give you an overview of what's on the test, help you decide when to take it (or whether to take it at all), list sample questions and answers, and provide tips and resources that you can use in your studying. If you make use of the practice tools at your disposal and follow the general advice in this article, you'll be on your way to a great score! What’s the Format of the Test, and When Is It Offered? Here's a basic rundown of the structure and scoring of the Chemistry SAT Subject Test (alsoknown as the Chemistry SAT II): 60 minutes long 85 multiple-choice questions Scores range from 200 to 800 Note that subject tests still have quarter-point deductions for incorrect answers even though this policy has been abolished on the regular SAT. For every question you answer correctly you'll receive one point, no points will be awarded or deducted for questions left blank, and you'll lose 1/4 of a point for every incorrect answer.Calculator use is not permitted, but you'll have a periodic table to use for reference. The Chemistry SAT Subject Test is offered in August, October, November, December, May, and June. In other words, you can take it on every regular SAT test date except the one in March. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Should You Take the SAT Chemistry Subject Test? If you’re reading this article, you're probably planning to apply to schools that require or recommend the submission of Subject Test scores.In most of these cases, it’s best to take one Subject Test in the sciences and one in the humanities to show a range of skills. Think about your goals, interests, and academic strengths before making a final decision on which science Subject Test you'll take.Chemistry is a great option for some students, but it might be less ideal for others. Here are tworeasons to choose Chemistry as one of your SAT Subject Tests: Reason 1: You Just Took a Chemistry Class (and You Still Need a Science Subject Test) The following are the College Board’s recommendations for prerequisites before taking the Chemistry Subject Test: One-year introductory college-preparatory course in chemistry One-year course in algebra Experience in the laboratory If you just took a chemistry class (especially if it was AP), you probably won’t need to do much studying for the Subject Test.The best time to take anySubject Test is in the spring when you’re just finishing up a related class. Reason 2: You’re Super Interested in Chemistry Do you think you might be a chemistry major in college? Do you have a knack for the subject?Taking the Subject Test is a good way to demonstrate your passion.If you have other achievements in high school that are related to chemistry, taking the Subject Test will help you present an even clearer picture of your goals and interests to colleges. A glimpse into your future. Or is it...your past? *cue Twilight Zone theme* What’s on the Chemistry SAT II? Here’s a brief content overview of the Chemistry SAT Subject Test. I’ve listed the topics in descending order according to their prevalence on the test: Topic Percentage of Test Structure of matter (atomic structure, molecular structure, bonding) 25% States of matter (gases, liquids and solids, solutions) 16% Reaction types (acids and bases, oxidation-reduction, precipitation) 14% Stoichiometry (mole concept, chemical equations) 14% Descriptive chemistry (periodic trends, nomenclature, predicting products of reactions) 12% Lab practices (equipment and measurements, scientific method, data interpretation) 8% Thermochemistry (calorimetry, enthalpy and phase changes, entropy) 6% Equilibrium and reaction rates (equilibrium systems, rates of reactions) 5% The College Board also breaks down questions by skill on this Subject Test: Skill Percentage of Test Application of knowledge 45% Synthesis of knowledge 35% Fundamental concepts and knowledge 20% The most common questions, at 45 percent of the test, are application of knowledge questions. These questions ask you to apply your knowledge of chemistry to scenarios presented on the test. Synthesis of knowledge questions, at 35 percent of the test, will ask you to draw conclusions based on data provided by the test as well as your background knowledge of chemistry. Only twenty percent of questions test fundamental concepts and knowledge. These questions are focused on basicfactual recall. To break down these skills even further, questions will test your: Understanding of the major concepts of chemistry and ability to apply principles to solve specific problems Ability to organize and interpret results from observation and experimentation, and to draw conclusions or make inferences from experimental data, including data presented in graphs and/or tables Laboratory experience and familiarity with the metric system Ability to handle simple algebraic relationships and apply these to solving word problems Familiarity with the concepts of ratio, direct and inverse proportions, exponents, and scientific notations Most of the test involves analysis and data interpretation.As I mentioned earlier, eighty percent of questions require either application or synthesis of knowledge, and only twenty percent are straightforward â€Å"what is this†type questions.In the next section, I’ll provide examples of the various question formats you'll see on the test. Question Formats on the Chemistry Subject Test The College Board groups questions on the Chemistry SAT Subject Test into three different formats: Format 1: Five-Choice Completion These are what I would consider â€Å"normal†multiple choice questions. They're stand-alone questions that simply ask you to choose the correct answer out of five choices. In some cases, you'll geta list of threestatements labeled with roman numerals and will be asked to decide which ones are true (if any).Here’s an example of a question in that format: Before looking at the answer choices, we need to go through each of the statements and decide which ones are true based on the diagram: Statement I appears to be true because the exposed mercury surface is open to the air. There wouldn't be any pressure besides atmospheric pressure pushing down on that side. Statement II also appears to be true because the mercury level on the right side of the manometer is higher than the level on the left side. Statement III is not true because the pressure of the gas wouldn’t be equal to h, it would be equal to the atmospheric pressure PLUS h.H is just the difference between the two pressures. Now that we’ve decided only I and II are true, we can bubble in answer choice C! Format 2: Classification For these types of questions, you'll see one list of choices that applies to a group of several questions. Each choice can be used more than once or not at all.In other words, your answer to any individual question could also be the answer to other questions in a given group.Here’s an example: As you can see, questions that are formatted this way tend to be more straightforward. They're just identification questions.For this one, you need to understand how compounds are named and what their atomic symbols are. Answers: A C A In this case, one of the choices was used twice. This happens frequently, so don’t freak out if you think a choice applies to more than one question in the group. Format 3: Relationship Analysis This is the weirdest type of question you’ll see on the test.Each question is comprised of two statements that are connected to each other by the word â€Å"BECAUSE.†The format is â€Å"This process or property occurs because of this fundamental chemical fact.†Here’s an example: The first step is deciding whether each part of the statement is true or false.If both or either of the statements are false, you can ignore the Correct Explanation (CE) circle. If they're both true, you may have to fill in the special CE circle.However, that will not always be the case, so consider the logic of the full statement carefully even if both parts are true! There will be a special section labeled â€Å"Chemistry†in the lower left-handcorner of your answer sheet where you can fill in your responses to these questions.It looks like this: Your responses will look something like this: As you can see, for sample question 103, both statements are true, but the CE circle is left un-bubbled.Potassium has a lower first ionization energy than lithium, meaning it’s easier for the one electron in its outer shell to get pulled away.Lithium’s unpaired electron is closer to the nucleus, so it’s held more tightly by the nucleus' gravitational pull.The first statement is definitely true. Now let’s look at the second statement in isolation: â€Å"potassium has more protons in its nucleus than lithium has.†This is also true.Potassium has 19 protons, and lithium only has three. Both statements are true on their own, but now we have to decide whether the second statement is a correct explanation of the first.In this case, it isn't! The ionization energy doesn’t increase based on the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.It’s a factor of how loosely held and how far away from the nucleus the outermost electrons of the atom are.Atoms that hold unpaired electrons that are farther away from the nucleus will have lower first ionization energies. For lithium and potassium, both have unpaired electrons in their outermost orbitals, but potassium has a lower ionization energy because its electrons are farther away from the nucleus (4s orbital vs. 2s orbital).It’s about proximity to the nucleus, not number of protons.The CE oval should stay blank! Here are some electrons zooming around the nucleus of a particularly groovy atom. Where to Find Chemistry Subject Test Practice Materials Here I'll list a few different resources, both in print and online, that you can use to practice your skills for the SAT Subject Test in Chemistry. You should always return to official College Board questions (which you can find on the College Board website as the first listing under Online Resources) in your studying to verify that you're up to speed with the format of the test, but unofficial practice is still helpful for learning the content. Review Books If you want to add structure to your studying, you might consider buying a review book or a book of practice questions. Areview book containing content that's specifically tailored to the Chemistry SAT II can improve the efficiency of your studying. Here are someof the most popular ones: Barron's SAT Subject Test Chemistry 14th Edition Cracking the SAT Chemistry Subject Test (Princeton Review) Sterling Test Prep SAT Chemistry Practice Questions Official SAT Subject Test in Chemistry Study Guide Online Resources College Board Website You can practice questions in all the formats you’ll see on the test here.There are only 13 questions, but they can help you get a feel for the test.You should also check out this document that has all the information you need for the test (and other subject tests if you’re interested) along with more sample questions. CrackSAT There are tons of different quizzes here on various topics in chemistry.You won’t find any of the Relationship Analysis true-false questions, but this is still overall a pretty good resource for regular multiple choice questions. Albert.IO This site haspractice questions for all topicsyou might come across on the exam.Questions are also divided by difficulty level. Once you get all the hard questions right, you’ll know that you’ve truly mastered the material. SparkNotes SparkNotes has practice quizzes on every topic with detailed answer explanations.These quizzes aren’t automatically scored like some others on this list, but the way it goes over the reasoning for each choice in detail makes it a worthwhile resource. ReasonPrep YouTube Videos These videos walk you through the answers to sample questions found on official practice tests and in the official review book. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. 5 SAT Chemistry Study Tips This section lists five study strategies that are critical for this test. You should have these tips in the back of your mind at all times as you review the material! Tip 1: Identify Your Weaknesses The Chemistry SAT II may test some information that your teacher didn’t cover in class.Review all the content areas listed above to make sure you have a handle on everything.It’s a smart idea to take a diagnostic test before you start studying to form a clearer picture of where your knowledge is lacking. I'd recommend using one that comes directly from the College Board so that the content and format of the test is represented accurately. Tip 2: Replicate Test Conditions When you answer practice questions and take practice tests, adhere to the same standards as the real test environment.Don't use a calculator, and have a periodic table on hand for reference.If you’re taking a full practice test, you should also time yourself.Sticking to appropriate test conditions is the only way to reliably estimate your score level! Tip 3: Plan Your Time Wisely Your studying timeline should be informed by how recently you learned the material in class and how well you perform on an initial diagnostic test. If you find that you need to improve by 150 points or more, plan to spend some extra time reviewing the material. I'd estimate about 20 hours of study time to get yourself up to speed - if you start two months in advance, that's just two hours a week. Not so bad! If you're already within 50 points or so of where you want to be, a quicker review should suffice. You could probably spend less than ten hours going over the material. Make sure you get to a point where you feel very confident with the question formats in case nervousness interferes with your performance (which brings me to the next tip). Tip 4: Practice Relationship Analysis Questions Make sure you understand how these questions work prior to the test.They take a little bit of getting used to if you’ve never encountered them before.Try to use some practice resources that include these types of questions in addition to five-choice completion and classification questions. It's especially important to practice interpreting the statements together and on their own and keeping the two processes separate. That CE circle is a little bit tricky! Tip 5: Don't Go Overboard You should only study concepts that you know will be tested. There's no need to memorize a year's worth of material for an hour-long multiple-choice test. I'd recommend dividing your time equally between reviewing topics in your notes and doing practice questions that replicate the format of the subject test. The biggest challenge for you may be time rather than background knowledge, especially if you're fresh out of a chemistry class.You shouldn't focus too much on memorizing all your chemistry notes and doing involved practice problems. Remember, you can't even use a calculator on this test, so you won't have to solve any elaborate math problems. "What's that weird squiggly?" and "Why are there little numbers next to the letters?" are both questions you should be able to answer before taking this Subject Test. 4 Test-Taking Tips for SAT Chemistry This section lists four additional tips that you can implement as you take practice tests (and, ultimately, when you sit down for the real thing). Tip 1: Stay Calm Since you can’t use a calculator on the test, many of these questions involve combining common sense with basic chemistry knowledge.If you come across a question about a diagram or experimental scenario that you’ve never seen before, don’t freak out. Just read the question carefully.In almost all of these cases, you’ll find that your existing knowledge is enough to guide you to the correct answer. Even if you don't fully understand what’s going on in the experiment, if you have a solid understanding of chemistry, you can make deductions to arrive at the solution. Tip 2: Do the Easiest Classification Questions First When you get to a group of classification questions,answer the ones that seem obvious first so you're using your time efficiently.Don’t feel like you have to complete them in order. If you get the easy ones out of the way in ten seconds, you’ll have more time to think about the questions in the group that are more challenging for you. Tip 3: Read Relationship Analysis Questions Methodically Relationship Analysis questions are different from most questions on SAT Subject Tests, so they can be confusing.Read carefully, and decide whether each stand-alone statement is true before thinking about whether the second statement is a correct explanation of the first. You'll save yourself some time if you find that one of the statements is false (and makes the CE bubble irrelevant)! Tip 4: Don’t Guess Randomly As I mentioned in the first section of this article, the guessing penalty still exists on SAT Subject Tests.This means that you need to avoid guessing if you have no clue which answer choice is correct.Guessing is only advisable if you can narrow down your choices to four or fewer possibilities.Otherwise, you’re better off leaving the question blank. Come back here, metaphor for the correct answer choice! Conclusion TheSAT Chemistry Subject Test is an hour-long multiple-choice examthat contains 85 questions and is scored out of 800. It's offered on all the regular SAT test dates except March. Topics on the test include: Structure of matter States of matter Reaction types Stoichiometry Descriptive chemistry Lab practices Thermochemistry Equilibrium and reaction rates Most questions will test your ability to analyze different experimental scenarios and draw conclusions. The questions come in three formats: Five-choice completion Classification Relationship analysis When you study for the test, five tips to keep in mind are: Identify your weaknesses Replicate real testing conditions Plan out your studying wisely Practice lots of relationship analysis questions Don't over-study When you take the test (or a full practice test), you should be sure to: Stay calm Do easier classification questions first Read carefully on relationship analysis questions Avoid guessing unless you're down to just two choices Use the online resources and review books listed in this article to brush up on your skills. You should have no problem acing this test if you know what to expect! What's Next? Get started on your chemistry reviewing with our guide to balancing chemical equations. Alternatively, apply chemistry to your life by learning how to make three different types of slime or how to use muriatic acid for household cleaning. Are you thinking you might take the Biology Subject Test instead of Chemistry? Do you plan on taking both? If so, check out my ultimate study guide for SAT Biology E/M! You might be wondering whether AP tests or SAT Subject Tests carry more weight in the admissions process. Learn more about the differences between AP tests and SAT Subject Tests, and find out how much each type matters for you. If you're still on the fence about whether or not to take the Chemistry Subject Test, read our expert guide to help you decide which Subject Tests are your best bets based on your college goals. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Writing and childrens learning in the 21st century Essay
Writing and childrens learning in the 21st century - Essay Example However, as a result, this might create pedagogic implications to a practitioner. In the 21st century, technology has been encouraged to be used throughout the learning activities in the classroom (Eristi et al, 2012). Throughout the 21st century, there has been an extensive use of technology. This is particularly true with the manner in which technology has been introduced to the classrooms and is still developing further. Hence, many of the learners in today’s society, including those in primary years are involved in using technology of some sort, whether inside or outside the classroom. Most of the technologies that have been implemented in the classrooms include projectors, smart white boards and Ipads as well. Thus, as with the implementation of these technologies, it is vital that students’ learning process deal with technology. According to the Board of Studies Syllabus, (2012), it is a key component. Through an objective A, ‘communicate through speaking, listening, reading, writing, viewing and representing’ the outcomes in the classrooms do indicate the use of technology. This is seen through outcomes, ENe-3A, EN1-3A, EN2-3A, EN3-3A, (Board of Studies, 2012). Most importantly is that, as the learners are involved in technology, they get to create texts for different reasons and audiences. For instance, learners may use their computers at home to compose a text as a message to a friend on a blog. However, while in the classroom, the learner may use the classroom computer to write a story or even analyse literary texts found online. Thus, while at home, the learner creates a text using technology for different purposes and different audiences, whereas in the classroom, the audience is the teacher who is expected to read the story and award marks based on the performance of the student. At home the audience is a friend whom the child probably is chatting with. When children experience the learning required of them or
Friday, October 18, 2019
Metformin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Metformin - Essay Example Metformin needs not be used during surgery.Intake of metformin needs to be avoided before or after any surgery,e.g. Dental surgery. Doctor who is about to carry out the surgery should be provided with the knowledge of patient`s consumption of metformin.. Around 48 hours are prescribed by the doctor to wait for the medical procedure to start again. If any of the following symptoms is experienced by the patient after taking metformin then the doctor should be contacted immediately. Extreme tiredness, stomach ache, dizziness, fast or slow heartbeat, weakness, nausea, vomiting, deep and rapid breathing or shortness of breath; dizziness, lightheadedness, flushing of the skin; muscle pain or feeling cold. Consumption of alcohol needs to be mentioned too. The patient need not carry out heavy drinking. Use of alcohol may lead to development of lactic acidosis or may result in a rapid decrease in blood sugar.A geriatric patient is requested not to take metformin without the doctor`s prescript ion. The adult`s medical history is extremely important as the use of the metformin may lead to several unfortunate consequences, worsening the patient`s condition. Adults aging over 80 years old may develop a chance of life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis. If the geriatric patient has experienced stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis, or coma, heart, liver and kidney diseases. If the following symptoms are experienced during the consumption of metformin, then the doctor should be visited soon.
Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3
Descartes - Essay Example Thus, the dream argument seeks to establish that, inference of the accuracy of information is not entirely a decision that humans can rely on the senses, rather, it is essential to apply rigorous testing to determine their authenticity. The dream argument is a postulation by Descartes. He argues that the act of dreaming is a preliminary evidence of the possibility that the senses that people rely on to make a distinction between reality and illusions are not trustworthy. He further seeks to show that, there is the need for further evaluation of the senses and their perceptions to establish the facts of reality. In the usual life, people dream as they sleep (Descartes 9). However, in these dreams, the people perceive and feel things as though they are real. The people, while in the dream, do not have the knowledge that they are dreaming, they only come to realize they were dreaming when they wake. Thus, this then raises the basis of the dream argument as Descartes presents it, that, there is the possibility that people are constantly dreaming and never wake into reality. Moreover, there is a possibility that people cannot ascertain whether they are in the dream or awake in their engagements. In this first meditation, he presents what is in doubt, opening the mediation with several falsehoods that believed in his life and further faulting of the knowledge that he built on those falsehoods. The mediator sweeps all his former knowledge away, sits himself and decides to build up his knowledge. However, as he realizes from so doing, he establishes that, all the things that he learned in the past came through his senses. He continues further to doubt the foundations of all opinions that he founded on his senses, acknowledging that the senses can deceive. To illustrate his argument, Descartes presents the dream argument using the
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